9 Essential Principles of Drawing Every Artist Needs To Know

Knowing these principles can help you on your art journey

This guide is on how the elements of art are arranged and organized in a drawing to create a desired effect.

As a newbie artist, there is much I needed to grasp as I started my illustration journey.

Though I know it will be a long journey, I wanted to share what I learned to help you on your own illustration/art path. Understanding the following principles will elevate your skills as an artist, and allow you to focus on what you must focus on when it comes to your art.

1. Composition

Composition is the arrangement of elements within the drawing space.

A strong composition leads the viewer’s eye and creates a sense of unity and interest. This is important to compose a piece that makes sense (or doesn’t if intentional) and captivates the eye.

2. Proportion

Proportion is the relationship of the sizes of different parts to each other and to the whole.

Accurate proportions are vital for realistic representation. Or to bring to life fantastical elements you have in your head.

3. Perspective

Perspective is creating the illusion of depth and space on a flat surface.

Linear perspective (using vanishing points) and atmospheric perspective (using changes in value and detail) are key techniques to add depth to your art. You need perspective to help give form to your shapes.

4. Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro)

Understanding how light falls on objects and creates highlights, shadows, and reflected light is fundamental for creating form and volume.

It allows you to capture the little details that make your art come alive. It gives form where lines can’t.

5. Edges

The boundaries between shapes or forms.

Sharp edges create a sense of clarity and separation, while soft edges create blending and a sense of atmosphere.

6. Balance

The visual distribution of weight in a drawing.

Balance can be symmetrical (even) or asymmetrical (uneven but visually harmonious).

7. Rhythm and Movement

Creating a sense of visual flow and direction within artwork through the repetition of lines, shapes, or values.

8. Emphasis

Creating focal points in the drawing to attract the viewer’s attention.

This can be achieved through contrast, size, placement, or other elements.

9. Unity and Harmony

The overall sense that all the elements and principles work together to create a cohesive and unified artwork.

Conclusion

If you want to bring your art alive or depict the image you see in your head, understanding these 9 essential principles and what they do is a start.

Though I’m still earlier in my own art career, having knowledge of these principles will help me expand my skills as an artist. I hope the same happens to you.